Creative City Design
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Apr 2021

The present study aims to provide the basis for the persistence of city dwellers in their new cities by promoting their place attachment. It explains the relationship between physical criteria in residential complexes and place attachment in new cities. This research is fundamental-practical and relies on library studies and a mix-method research strategy. The practical part of the research uses a correlation strategy to discover the relationship between variables. To collect the required data in this section, 375 questionnaires (based on Cochran Formula) have been distributed using the random method. The Pearson correlation test and linear regression model have been used to determine the nature of the relationship between place attachment and physical criteria in residential complexes. SPSS software is used to rank these physical features. From the residents' point of view, 8 key criteria are important in place attachment in residential complexes. The results of the study, while confirming the significant correlation of these physical factors with place attachment, show that visual richness is the most effective physical factor in inducing resident’s place attachment and the need to pay attention to high human needs, such as the need to the beauty. In cases where individuals do not find the physical factors of their residential place suitable, they show a greater tendency to leave their place. In this regard, people can be expected to stay longer by improving the physical criteria related to residential complexes.

The space under the Velayat Bridge is one of the most important lost urban spaces in Tehran, due to its adjacency to important areas of activity and residence. In recent years, the area under the Velayat Bridge has been repeatedly prepared for executive operations, but so far, no action has been taken. Currently, illegal acts are very common in this area and at nights security indicators are decreased significantly. This study based on qualitative approach and survey research methodology, tries to identify and evaluate physical, psychological, environmental and mental factors which affecting the process of reviving the lost urban space under the Velayat Bridge. Basis for identifying effective factors is the theory of the right to the city. Data gathering was done through library studies as well as survey methods such as observation, interview and distribution of questionnaires. In this study, four hypotheses have been proposed and tested. Finding results show that all variables including physical-structural, activity-social, environmental and semantic perceptual indicators are significant, as their error level is lower than 0.05. Physical-structural index variable with beta coefficients of 0.851 has the highest effect on the design variable of the space under Velayat Bridge. According to the answers of the respondents, it seems that the construction of a commercial complex and also the transformation of open space into the space of human presence, taking into account the age, gender and different needs of people, can be the most effective action to revive this space.

Space quality in an urban area is resulted from the components which through recognizing the effects of each, solutions to improve the overall quality of urban context can be provided widely. This is even more significant in the case of informal urban fabrics where many urban spaces and individual settlements that are facing lack of environmental qualities causes the death of life in the context overtime. It means paying attention to environmental qualities in informal spaces will be one of the most vital factors in identifying areas of physical intervention to improve the quality of life. Since now, little attention has been paid to identifying effective quality indicators and areas of intervention in informal fabrics in Iran. For this reason, the current study tries to take the first steps and move forward by studying the outlines of issues related to environmental qualities and explaining how they affect the indicators of intervention in informal spaces. It will be assumed that the sustainable place model of Canter which is introduced as three main categories of functional, experimental-aesthetic and environmental indicators can be used as an effective model in defining qualitative indicators and areas of physical intervention in informal fabrics. Thus, in order to identify and prioritize areas of intervention in these urban spaces as the aim of this study, each of the index of sustainable model presents a group of sub indicators through Literature, Fuzzy Delphi Method and questionnaire survey that is conducted in peripheral informal settlements of Mashhad Metropolitan in terms of effective environmental quality components. Through weighing the criteria and sub criteria by AHP Technique, areas of physical urban intervention are recognized so that appropriate types of intervention could be suggested according to the kind of problematic urban spaces.

The variety of contemporary houses and overlooking the efficiency of traditional house patterns has required for the harmony with needs of dwellers and revision of space syntax in modern houses. The present paper aims to compare and analyze spatial organization of modern houses and to find inefficacies and then remove location- behavior stresses using revision in their space syntax. The current study takes analytical approach and is deemed as studies by empirical test. Thus, it employs empirical test method using UCL Depthmap  software for the selected samples from the houses. In this regard, it proposes assessment indicators of qualitative analysis on houses at three levels i.e., space-function, space behavior and space-form. Then, it utilizes three parameters of integration, connectivity and depth in quantitative analyses. The research findings show that Traditional house are created in adaptation to environment and behavioral system of inhabitants while modern house possesses single-purpose spaces and it is not clear whether it could meet the different patterns of modern space-behavior parameter or not. Although isolation of private and public spaces is properly seen in modern houses, it does not seem that any attention is paid to limits in ranking (hierarchy) for its entrance spaces. It is ignored to utilize special lighting conditions in geographical directions in configuration of house spaces e.g., kitchen and sitting rooms etc. in modern houses. Modern house versus traditional house has more connectivity in terms of space syntax, but at the same time it has not also proper configuration for semi-private and private space.

City and climate are two human made and natural systems that influence each other. The city that influences greenhouse gas emissions leads to global warming as a result of climate change. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of urban development on the climate change (a case study of Mashhad metropolis). The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical, in which by referring to library studies and field-based studies a theoretical framework is obtained; also, by determining evaluation options according to the negative effects and consequences of urban growth and development of Mashhad metropolis in recent decades on social systems, physical, functional, transportation and access are examined. In this study, the Iranian Leopold matrix method and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) as well as Microsoft Excel, Arc GIS and Google Earth software have been used. Findings in this study indicate that the functional system with the range of letters -E and number -5 has the most destructive effects on climate change in this metropolis and the physical system with letters -B and number -2 has the least effects on the process. With the increase in population in the metropolis of Mashhad, urban growth and development is extended to villages and agricultural lands, and as a result, the change of use from agriculture to urban use occurs, leading to more greenhouse gas emissions and the creation of urban heat islands. So, in order to control such things, appropriate solutions in the system should be presented.

The architectural structure of the Persian garden was created along with the evolution of Iranian culture and civilization over centuries, and it has been known as one of the ancient cultural heritages. Pasargadae was a garden city created by Cyrus, the great, in 6BCE. Studies on historical documents and excavations of archeologists in the ancient site of Pasargadae and its royal garden show that Pasargadae Garden is one of the first documented examples of gardening in Iran, and recognized as an archetype of Persian garden. Moreover, studies show that sustainability is one of the most important factors, which contributed to the Persian garden design. This paper aims to synopsize the sustainable characteristics of Pasargadae Garden as the oldest recognized type of Persian garden, based on its architectural layout, identified by archeologists’ excavations and historical documents. To achieve this purpose, the research employs the interpretive-historical method to recognize the parameters and constituent elements of Pasargadae Garden, existing in the subsequent Persian gardens, and data are gathered from the relevant documents. By the study and analysis of sustainable characteristics of royal garden of Pasargadae, some information will be obtained which have an effective role in gaining the design principles of the subsequent gardens. Results show that the architecture of archetype of Persian garden corresponds to the parameters of environmental sustainability.